LAMINAR FLOW QUESTION COLLECTION-Hydraulics past question collection

Nikuradse experiment | variation of frictional factor (f) for laminar and turbulent flow

Nikuradse', a German Engineer, He by gluing uniform sand grains on the inner side of the pipe wall to artifically roughened the pipe conducted a series of well- planned experiments on pipes. Here we choose the pipe of different diameter (D) and by changing the size of sand grain which gives (Roughness height= k), We can observe from his experiment that value of (k/D) varies from about "1/1014 to 1/30" Since from dimensional analysis 'f is the function of Reynold's no VD/ ν and ratio of 'k/D' Where, k =Average roughness height of pipe wall, D= Diameter of pipe, ν = Kinematic viscosity of flowing fluid, Re =VD/ ν = Reynold's no, k/D = Relative roughness. Sometimes, "k/D" is also replaced by "R/k" Where, R= Radius of pipe and (R/k)= Relative smoothness whose value varies from "15 to 507''. Ad: Change(Variation) of friction factor for laminar flow (Re<2000) Head loss in laminar flow (i.e. Hagen-Poisseullie equati...

Reynold's Experiment | Laminar flow's in circular pipe | Shear stress distribution

Reynold's Experiment • Osborne Reynolds (Mathematician & Physicist, UK) • In 1883, he developed a laboratory set up in which he injected Dye (i.e. a fine, threadlike stream of colored liquid having the same density as water) at the entrance to a large glass tube through which water was flowing from a tank . Fig: Reynold's experiment Ad: https://happyshirtsnp.com/ • Procedure: ✓ The water from the tank was allowed to flow through glass tube into atmosphere. ✓ The velocity of flow was varied by the valve. ✓ Dye was injected into the flow through a small tube. • Observation: ✓ At the initial stage of flow, dye filament in the glass tube was in the form of straight line. This was a laminar flow. ✓ When increasing the velocity of flow, the dye filament was no longer a straight line. The dye filament starts to become wavy. This was a transitional flow. ✓ While further increase in velocity of flow, the wavy dye filament broke up and finally diffu...

THREE RESERVOIRS AND PIPE NETWORK PROBLEMS

Ad: https://happyshirtsnp.com/ THREE RESERVOIRS PROBLEM AND PIPE NETWORK In practice, several pipes are interconnected forming various loops (or circuit) in municipal water distribution systems. There are a number of pipes connected either in series or in parallel or a combination of both. A group of interconnected pipes forming several loops (or circuit) in complex manner is called pipe networks, The complexity in a pipe networking is to determine the solution Of pipe problem (flow distribution) in such pipe network. Branched pipes: Three Reservoirs Problem Fig: Branched pipes: three inter connected Reservoir In water supply system, Often a number of reservoirs are required to be interconnected by means Of a pipe system consisting of a number of pipes namely main and branches which meet at a junction. Figure shows three reservoirs 'B' and 'C' are interconnected by pipes 'a', 'b' and 'c' which meet at a junction 'D'. In the...

Educational,informative,tech,news

Search This Blog